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Adeyemi, B S and Aigbavboa, C O (2020) Conflict factors investigation among construction professionals in Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1121–37.

Aghimien, D O, Aigbavboa, C O, Oke, A E and Thwala, W D (2019) Mapping out research focus for robotics and automation research in construction-related studies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1063–79.

Arowoiya, V A, Oke, A E, Aigbavboa, C O and Aliu, J (2020) An appraisal of the adoption internet of things (IoT) elements for sustainable construction. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 18(05), 1193–208.

Asad, M M, Hassan, R B, Sherwani, F, Rind, I A and Maiji, Y (2019) Development of a novel safety and health educational management information system (HAZ-PRO) for oil and gas production operation. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 959–71.

Blindheim, J, Elverum, C W, Welo, T and Steinert, M (2020) Concept evaluation in new product development. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1139–51.

Borer, J (2020) Object oriented design of safety critical programmable equipment systems. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1081–9.

Chaparro, D A, Ying, F J, Rotimi, F E and Egbelakin, T (2020) Commute and labour productivity: investigation of inner city construction sites. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1305–19.

Dave, N, Sahu, V and Misra, A K (2020) Development of geopolymer cement concrete for highway infrastructure applications. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1321–33.

Davila Delgado, J M and Oyedele, L O (2020) BIM data model requirements for asset monitoring and the circular economy. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1269–85.

Derradji, R and Hamzi, R (2020) Multi-criterion analysis based on integrated process-risk optimization. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1015–35.

Eziefula, U G, Opara, H E and Eziefula, B I (2020) Strength of concrete produced with different sources of aggregates from selected parts of Abia and Imo States of Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1053–61.

Fei, C, Xiahou, P and Wang, F (2020) Design and control of grid connected inverter for harmonic suppression. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1349–56.

Gamil, Y, A. Abdullah, M, Abd Rahman, I and Asad, M M (2020) Internet of things in construction industry revolution 4.0. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1091–102.

Gbadamosi, S L and Nwulu, N I (2020) Optimal planning of renewable energy systems for power loss reduction in transmission expansion planning. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1209–22.

Gharehbaghi, K, McManus, K, Hurst, N, Robson, K and Myers, M (2019) Complexities in mega rail transportation projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 973–90.

Gupta, N K and Thakre, G D (2020) Dry sliding wear performance on self-healing Al6061 composites. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1357–70.

Jun, Z, Akbar, M A and Xin lei, W (2020) Optimization of design and measurement principle of six-components force/thrust measurement stand. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1371–9.

Khamseh, A and Marei, P (2020) Designing a model developed to assess the capabilities of technological innovation in Iranian construction of power plant equipment industries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1241–9.

Li, H, Xia, Q, Wang, L and Ma, Y (2020) Sustainability assessment of urban water environment treatment public-private partnership projects using fuzzy logic. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1251–67.

Mbae, A M and Nwulu, N I (2020) Day-ahead load forecasting using improved grey Verhulst model. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1335–48.

Okampo, E J and Nwulu, N I (2020) Optimal energy mix for a reverse osmosis desalination unit considering demand response. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1287–303.

Osman, B and Zhu, H (2020) A virtual educational model on a CNC milling machine including and excluding two methods of fuzzy controllers. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1153–63.

Sibanda, V, Mpofu, K, Trimble, J and Kanganga, M (2019) Development of part families for a reconfigurable machine. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 991–1014.

Singh, T, Kalra, M and Misra, A K (2020) Simplified probabilistic seismic assessment of dampers in tall and braced structures in buildings. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1037–52.

Wang, L (2020) Home intelligent lighting control system based on wireless sensor. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1231–40.

Woju, U W and Balu, A (2020) Fuzzy uncertainty and its applications in reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1175–91.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Fuzzy set theory; Membership functions; Fuzzy set operations; Fuzzy relation; Fuzzy composition; Design optimization; Reinforced concrete;
• ISBN/ISSN: 1726-0531
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-10-2019-0281
• Abstract:
  The aim of this paper is mainly to handle the fuzzy uncertainties present in structures appropriately. In general, uncertainties of variables are classified as aleatory and epistemic. The different sources of uncertainties in reinforced concrete structures include the randomness, mathematical models, physical models, environmental factors and gross errors. The effects of imprecise data in reinforced concrete structures are studied here by using fuzzy concepts. The aim of this paper is mainly to handle the uncertainties of variables with unclear boundaries. To achieve the intended objective, the reinforced concrete beam subjected to flexure and shear was designed as per Euro Code (EC2). Then, different design parameters such as corrosion parameters, material properties and empirical expressions of time-dependent material properties were identified through a thorough literature review. The fuzziness of variables was identified, and their membership functions were generated by using the heuristic method and drawn by MATLAB R2018a software. In addition to the identification of fuzziness of variables, the study further extended to design optimization of reinforced concrete structure by using fuzzy relation and fuzzy composition. In the design codes of the concrete structure, the concrete grades such as C16/20, C20/25, C25/30, C30/37 and so on are provided and being adopted for design in which the intermediate grades are not considered, but using fuzzy concepts the intermediate grades of concrete can be recognized by their respective degree of membership. In the design of reinforced concrete structure using fuzzy relation and composition methods, the optimum design is considered when the degree of membership tends to unity. In addition to design optimization, the level of structural performance evaluation can also be carried out by using fuzzy concepts.

Woju, U W and Balu, A (2020) Time-dependent safety performance of reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1103–20.

Xia, Y (2020) Research on dynamic data monitoring of steel structure building information using BIM. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1165–73.

Yan, J (2020) 3D printing optimization algorithm based on back-propagation neural network. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1223–30.

Zadok, Y (2019) Project-based learning in robotics meets junior high school. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 941–58.